The shaper is a reciprocating type of machine tool intended primarily to produce flat surfaces. These surface may be horizontal, vertical or inclined.
Types of shaper
Depending upon the design features shapers are classified in the following ways:
1. According to the type of mechanism used for giving reciprocating motion to the ram:
a) Crank type b) Geared type c) Hydraulic type
2. According to the position and travel of the ram:
a) Horizontal type b) vertical type c) travelling head type
3. According to the type of design of the table
a) standard shaper b) universal shaper
4. According to the type of cutting stroke
a) Push type b) Pull type
Crank type
Crank mechanism is used to convert rotary motion of the motor to the reciprocating motion of the ram
Geared type
The reciprocating motion of the ram is obtained by the rack and pinion mechanism
Hydraulic type
Reciprocating motion of the ram is obtained by the piston operated by hydraulic power
Horizontal shaper
Cutting motion of the ram is in horizontal direction
Vertical shaper
Cutting motion of the ram is in vertical direction
Travelling head shaper
In addition to the reciprocating motion, the ram can be fed in a crosswise direction also
Plain shaper
The table cannot be swivelled for cutting angular surfaces
Universal shaper
The table can be swivelled in two mutually perpendicular axes to facilitate the machining of angular surfaces
Push type Shaper
The metal is removed (cutting motion) when the ram moves away from the column. This is the most general type shaper.
Pull type shaper
The cutting motion is the movement of the ram towards the column
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