The headstock is the hollow casting which accommodates the spindle assembly and its variable speed driving mechanisms.
It is secured permanently on the left end of the lathe bed.
The driving mechanism may be cone pulley drive with back gear or all gear drive in modern lathes. The speed can be varied by shifting hand levers in front of the headstock. The spindle of the headstock aligned accurately with the axis of the lathe and fitted with bearings. It is hollow to accommodate long work pieces. The front nose is threaded for fitting chuck flanges. The front end of the inside bore is tapered to fit lathe centre (live centre)
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